2016年中考英語(yǔ):常用的不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞形態(tài)大全-不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

★記憶法二：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞相對(duì)于規(guī)則動(dòng)詞來(lái)說(shuō)，難記得多，是最難對(duì)付的一類詞。學(xué)生難學(xué)，老師難教。幸好它們不是雜亂無(wú)章的，可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)律來(lái)記憶。下面給大家介紹一種歸納記憶法，以期大家在攻克這一難關(guān)時(shí)，能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞相同：

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(細(xì)心的你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。)

二、原形、過(guò)去式相同，過(guò)去分詞不同：

beat/beat/beaten

三、原形、過(guò)去分詞相同，過(guò)去式不同：

come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run

(come，become，屬不規(guī)則變化，但welcome屬規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞為：welcomed，welcomed)

四、過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞相同：

(1)去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e

meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed

(2)去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e,然后再在詞尾加t

feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept

(3)詞尾為的ll去掉一個(gè)l加t

spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt

(4)過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾

catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought

buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought

(5)將stand改為stood

stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood

(6)將ay改為aid

lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said

(7)將d改為t

lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent

spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built

(8)將i改為a,o,u等

sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat

dig/dug/dugwin/won/won

(9)將ell改為old

tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold

(10)詞尾加t

learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11)有兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞,一種是不規(guī)則的,一種是規(guī)則的：

learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned

light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted

(12)其它

have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost

hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)

find/found/foundmake/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同：

(1)過(guò)去式以ew結(jié)尾、過(guò)去分詞以own結(jié)尾

blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn

(2)改i為a變成過(guò)去式、改i為u變成過(guò)去分詞

begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk

(3)改i為o變成過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞以n結(jié)尾

drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written

rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden

(4)原形后加n變成過(guò)去分詞

drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten

give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen

(5)過(guò)去式后加n變成過(guò)去分詞

break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken

take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten

go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen

wear/wore/worn

六、有兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，但詞義相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken

七、動(dòng)詞因其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：

shine、hang的兩種過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞：

shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung懸掛hanged/hanged絞死

八、兩個(gè)既可以做過(guò)去式，又可以做動(dòng)詞原形的詞

lie躺臥lay/lain/lying(現(xiàn)在分詞)

lay放，下蛋l(fā)aid/laid/laying

find找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)find/found/found

found創(chuàng)建，成立found/founded/founded

九、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來(lái)記憶

(一)詞義相對(duì)：

(1)come/came/come來(lái)——go/went/gone去

(2)give/gave/given給——get/got/got(AmEgotten)獲得

(3)sleep/slept/slept睡覺(jué)—wake/woke/woken(或woke)

或wake/waked/waked醒來(lái)

(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉

(5)buy/bought/bought買——sell/sold/sold出售,賣

(6)take/took/taken帶去——bring/brought/brought帶來(lái)

(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會(huì)

(8)lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗——find/found/found找到

win/won/won贏得、(獲)勝

(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、發(fā)送——get/got/got獲得、收到

(二)詞義相近：

(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打敗win/won/won贏得、獲勝

(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解

know/knew/known知道,了解,認(rèn)識(shí)

(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)變成、成為、變得

become/became/become變成,成為,變得

go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成

(4)spend/spent/spent花費(fèi)、度過(guò)

pay/paid/paid支付、交納

cost/cost/cost花費(fèi)、價(jià)值為

take/took/taken花費(fèi)

(5)say/said/said說(shuō)、講

speak/spoke/spoken說(shuō)、演講

tell/told/told告訴、說(shuō)、吩咐、斷定

talk/talked/talked談話,講,談?wù)?議論

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