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Passage 1
Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity (特性) of time and space and so on — but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.
By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quiet were broken by the First World War.
Einstein hated violence. The misery of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
In the years following the First World War, honors were increasingly heaped on him. He became the head of the Kaiser Whilhem Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics, and he was highly honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism (納粹主義) when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.
21.The first paragraph is mainly about _____.
A.a new outlook of the universe
B.the feelings of an American college president
C.the change in human thought caused by Einstein
D.the difficulty in teaching Einstein's theory
解：C
[解析]本題是主旨題 第一段的主題句是第一句“Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history”表明愛因斯坦對(duì)科學(xué)和歷史都有極大的影響，而第二句說(shuō)明了愛因斯坦使人們對(duì)世界觀，對(duì)宇宙有了一個(gè)新的認(rèn)識(shí)。因此選項(xiàng)為C。
22. From the second paragraph, we know Albert Einstein ____.
A.enjoyed world popularity
B.was the head of an academy
C.was a famous teacher
D.enjoyed studying wars
解：A
[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)題 依據(jù)是第二段第一句話“By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame.”選項(xiàng)中A.enjoyed world popularity 符合題義。Popularity的意思與fame 的意思相似。
23. Which of the following statements about Einstein is true?
A.He achieved more than any other scientists in history.
B.Our ideas about the universe differ from one another because of him.
C.He kept working until peace came in 1918.
D.His research practically stopped during the First World War.
解：D
[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)題 本題可以用排除法，本題的依據(jù)是第三段。第三段表明愛因斯坦深受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響“he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research ”而且最后一句“Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work...”也表明愛因斯坦在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間研究工作實(shí)際上是停止了。因此選D。
24. In the years following the First World War,_____.
A.Einstein began to be accepted even by ordinary men
B.more and more honors were granted to Einstein
C.Einstein became the head of the Prussian Academy of Science
D.Einstein was not honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism
解：B
[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)題，要用排除法 ，本題的依據(jù)是最后一段的第一句話“In the years following the First World War , honors were increasingly heaped on him.” Heap的意思就是“成堆，很多”和 “more and more”是近義詞。
25. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
A.Albert Einstein was interested in nothing but science
B.Einstein was forced to serve in the German army
C.Einstein made a lot more breakthroughs in his research after the First World War
D.his reputation was ruined because of Nazism
解：C
[解析]本題是推理題
Passage 2
Could you imagine your parents choosing your husband or wife for you? And can you imagine not setting eyes on him or her until your wedding day? This situation is common in India, the Middle East and many parts of Africa. Marriage customs around the world often differ from our own. We don't realize that people in other places often get married in very different ways — and with different motives.
In many countries, marriage is a practical matter. A marriage provides a safe and stable home for the husband and wife. It also joins two families, which benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy. Marriage also brings children, making sure the couple will be taken care of in old age. Because a marriage is important for the whole family, some cultures don't let young people choose whom to marry.
Just as there are many different reasons for marriage, there are also many different wedding rituals. Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple. In a typical Western wedding, the bride seeks good luck by wearing “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue.” Something old represents the past. Something new represents success in the future. Something borrowed reminds the bride she can get help from her friends and family. And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband.
In Poland, one wedding tradition is not only lucky, but also very practical. The wedding guests pin money to the bride's dress while she is dancing. The money is meant to bring kick and to help the young couple build their new life. In Bermuda, the young couple plants a tree in the yard of their new home. Once they move in, they take good care of the tree and make it grow. The planting of the tree is a good metaphor (比喻) for marriage. A truly good marriage is something that grows with care.
26. Which of the following statements DOES NOT support the idea that marriage is a practical matter?
A.The couple may have a safe and stable home through their marriage.
B.The parents had better help their children choose whom to marry.
C.A marriage benefits the couple's parents and makes them happy.
D.A marriage brings children who will take care of the couple when they are old.
解：B
[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)題本題的主要依據(jù)是第二段，第二段的主題句是第一句“In many countries,marriage is a practical matter.”而A、C、D是developing sentences是用來(lái)支持主題句的。而B是一個(gè)結(jié)果。
27. The word “rituals” (para.3, line 2) means _____.
A.forms
B.customs
C.traditions
D.ceremonies
解：D
[解析]本題是詞義題ritual的意思是“典禮、儀式”與ceremony意思相同
28. In a typical Western wedding, the bride wears something blue to ________.
A.seek good luck
B.represent the past
C.represent success in the future
D.remind her to be true to her husband
解：D
[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)題主要依據(jù)是第三段“And something blue reminds her to be true to her husband”
29. Although cultures differ in different countries, one thing in common when a young couple gets married is that _____.
A.people wish them to take care of each other
B.people wish them to get practical benefits from the marriage
C.people wish them to have good luck in their new life
D.people wish them to make money at the wedding ceremony
解：C
[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)題依據(jù)是第三段的第二句話“Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the happy couple”。
30. Which of the following statements best summarizes the subject of this passage?
A.People across the world get married in different ways and for different reasons.
B.Every culture has its own ways of bringing good luck to the young couple.
C.A truly good marriage is something that grows with care.
D.In many countries, marriage is a practical matter.
解：A
[解析]本題是主旨題本題的主要依據(jù)是第一段的倒數(shù)第二句和最后一句話。主旨題經(jīng)常從第一段的第一句或最后一句找答案。
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