2015年職稱英語(yǔ)考試綜合類語(yǔ)法解析18

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介詞 + which (whom)

先看兩個(gè)句子：

This is the house. He has lived in the house for over 30 years.

變?yōu)椤ㄕZ(yǔ)從句

This is the house in which he has lived for over 30 years.

上述句子中，先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，形成"介詞 + which / whom"的形式，考試時(shí)要求作出1)要不要介詞;2)若要，使用什么介詞的判斷。由于英語(yǔ)中介詞搭配多為習(xí)慣用法，沒有多少規(guī)律可循，因此這是定語(yǔ)從句考試的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。

記住四個(gè)字：瞻前顧后

瞻前：先看看先行詞一般與什么介詞搭配，例如：

There are occasions _____ which joking is not permissible.

→ Joking is not permissible _____ (certain) occasions.

常與occasion搭配的介詞是什么?on，即：

Joking is not permissible on (certain) occasions. (有的場(chǎng)合是不容許開玩笑的。)

↓

There are occasions on which joking is not permissible.

顧后：看看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與什么介詞搭配，例如：

This car, ____ which I paid a lot of money, is now out of date.

→ I paid a lot of money ______ this car.

Pay (money) for something 是一個(gè)固定的搭配，因此應(yīng)填介詞 "for"

當(dāng)A、B、C、D中出現(xiàn) " 介詞 + which / whom" 選項(xiàng)時(shí)，而你又確實(shí)看不懂時(shí)，應(yīng)傾向于選擇" 介詞 + which / whom"的形式，例如：

The two elements _____ water is made are the gases oxygen and hydrogen.

A. that

B. which

C. with which

D. of which

傾向選擇C、D;正確答案D，"be made of "(由…組成):

The two elements are gases (oxygen and hydrogen).

Water is made of the two elements.

兩個(gè)句子一合并，便是該句選擇。

(四)其他應(yīng)注意的確問題：

(1) 同位語(yǔ)從句只能用"that"連接

常見的同位語(yǔ)先行詞有：fact(事實(shí)), possibility(可能), idea(想法), belief(相信), doubt(疑問), news(消息), order(命令), promise(承諾), evidence(證據(jù)), suggestion(建議)等，例如：

Is there any possibility that all the villagers can send their children to school?(有沒有這種可能，所有村民都能送他們的孩子上學(xué)?)

There can be no doubt that he is a qualified doctor.(毫無疑問，他是個(gè)合格的醫(yī)生。)

(2) "as" 也可以做關(guān)系代詞用于連接定語(yǔ)從句，特別是在"such…as…", "the same as…" 以及"正如…"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，例如：

I have never seen a thing as he described. (我從未見過他所描述的那種事。)

As was expected, the performance was a great success. (正如所料，演出獲得了巨大成功。)

把該句理解為：The performance was a great success, which was expected，就比較容易理解as的這種用法。

將定語(yǔ)從句的連接用三句話歸納一下：

↗ 人用who / whom

(1)先行詞在從句中當(dāng)主、賓、表語(yǔ) →定語(yǔ)用whose

↘ 物用that (= which)/ 非限制用which

↗地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用：where

(2)先行詞在從句中當(dāng) →原因狀語(yǔ)(reason)用：why