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第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面都有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇 The Smell of Money
For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (香氣) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism.
But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (魚販) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food.
It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰子) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats.
“The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “ There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅覺的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.”
31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in
A cafes
B banks
C travel agencies
D supermarkets
32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people
A to spend money
B to feel confident about banks
C to earn more money
D to withdraw money from banks
33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in that
A people’s attitudes toward money are different
B it’s hard to identify and analyze it
C no technology can do it
D experts have no motive
34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A see
B study
C control
D understand
35. Researchers think
A artificial smells help to improve people’s memory
B the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage
C artificial smells are harmful
D the production of artificial smells is profitably
第二篇 Spoilt for Choice(A級(jí))
Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.
The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.
It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.
The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down.
36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because
A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives
B only professionals have the right to do that
C they have sufficient money to pay
D they have emotional problems
37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?
A Giving up
B Walking away
C Buying an unsuitable item
D Seeking advice
38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?
A They are of poor quality.
B They are quickly replaced with new ones.
C They have too many versions.
D They are not designed by computers.
39. How does migration today differ from that of the past?
A People now migrate to find better jobs.
B People now migrate for better life.
C People now migrate for better environments.
D People now have more choice about where to migrate.
40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice?
A Better more choice than no choice
B Better no choice than more choice
C All choice is easy
D More choice, more anxiety
第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often
41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A they’re popular
B they’re cheap
C they’re useful
D they’re convenient
42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A cured
B removed
C discovered
D caused
43. The salesman retired young because
A he disliked using mobile phones
B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
C he couldn’t remember simple tasks
D his employer’s doctor persuaded him to
44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A to buy mobile phones
B to update regular phones
C to use mobile phones less often
D to stop using mobile phones
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