當前位置：

翻譯資格考試常見英語詞語辨析10

發(fā)表時間：2010/10/22 9:05:12 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 點擊關注微信：

44.instead of, in place of與take the place of

①instead of是介詞短語，意思是“代替”，“而不是”，作介詞短語后接名詞、動名詞和賓格代詞；作連詞短語后接不定式(一般不省略to)，謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等。如：John will attend the meeting instead of his manager.約翰將代替經(jīng)理出席這次會議。You should have some exercise instead of staying indoors all day long.你應多鍛煉身體，不要整天呆在家里。The temperature has risen up instead of fallen down.溫度上升了而并沒有下降。This is dull instead of interesting.這不但沒趣，反倒枯燥。

②in place of介詞短語“代替”，通常后接名(代)詞，可與instead of互換。如：People often use plastics in place of/instead of wood or metal.人們常用塑料來代替木材和金屬。但instead of sb./sth.可略去介詞of及其賓語，而in place of通常不能將其省略。

③take the place of動詞詞組，“代替”(職務，工作等)，如：Most scientists agree that computers can’t completely take the place of humans.大多數(shù)科學家認為，計算機并不能完全代替人。作“代替”解時，不可將the去掉或改換為one’s，那樣會引起歧義，要注意區(qū)分。

45.pain, ache和hurt

這三個詞都和疼痛有關。ache和pain多作名詞，hurt只能作動詞。ache指“(人)身體疼痛”，往往用于持續(xù)的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感覺，常指“局部的”疼痛。back(背)、ear(耳)、head(頭)、heart(心)、stomach(胃)、tummy(肚)、tooth等詞與ache構(gòu)成復合詞，表示身體部位的疼痛。如果指身體其他部分之疼痛則用pain或ache表示，如：a pain /ache inmy foot腳痛。單數(shù)ache可與不定冠詞連用，也可以不用不定冠詞，如：He has got an ache in his foot.他腳痛。He has aches on his back.他背上痛。ache也可作動詞，如：I ache all over.我全身疼痛。My head aches.我頭痛。pain指“肉體或精神上的痛苦、悲痛”，比ache要嚴重些，如：She is in great pain.她深為痛苦。The boy broke his arm and cried with pain.那個男孩摔斷手臂，痛得大叫。pain也可以當及物動詞，指“使痛苦”，如：My foot is still paining me.我的腳還在痛。aches and pains指“疼痛”，如：I have aches and pains all over.我全身疼痛。hurt只作動詞，可以指“(使)受傷，(使)疼痛，傷害”，如：He hurt his back when he fell.他跌倒時傷了背部。He was badly hurt in this traffic accident.在這起交通事故中，他受了重傷。Did you hurt yourself?你弄傷自己了嗎?hurt也可以指“傷害(某人的感情)；使傷心”，如：My feelings were hurt when he didn't ask me to the party.他沒邀請我參加宴會，我很傷心。hurt還可以指“受損傷、有害、有不良影響”，如：It won't hurt to wait a bit longer.再等一會兒(對你)沒有什么關系。Some Chinese big companies have seen their business hurtby NATO's air strike on Yugoslavia.一些中國的大公司看到了他們的生意因北約空襲南斯拉夫而受損。

46.before long和long before

before long和long before形式構(gòu)成上相差不大，但其意義差別較大，也導致了它們在決定句子時態(tài)上的差異。before long“不久”，句子時態(tài)用將來時。如：This park will be open again before long. 這個公園不久將重新開放。Our school will have a lot of new computers beforel ong. 我們學校不久將會有大批的新電腦。long before “很久以前”，句子時態(tài)用過去時。如：Long before I received an E-mail from my American friend Mary. 很久以前，我收到美國朋友瑪麗的一封郵件。