new class：
（一） 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
一、主語(yǔ)
1．主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主題，是一個(gè)句子所述說(shuō)的主體。主語(yǔ)一般都放在句首。
2．能夠構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)的：
名詞：
the building was built in 1980. (單個(gè)名詞)
tow-thirds of young teachers are women (名詞短語(yǔ))
to beijing is not very far.（介詞短語(yǔ)）
代詞:
they are my good friends. （人稱代詞）
nobody knows where he is . (不定代詞)
who is coming? (疑問(wèn)代詞)
數(shù)詞：three is enough.
動(dòng)名詞：reading english is easier than speaking it.
不定式：to find your way can be a problem.
從句： whenever you are ready will be fine.
二、謂語(yǔ)
1．謂語(yǔ)：是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，為主語(yǔ)提供信息的，謂語(yǔ)一般都放在主語(yǔ)之后。
謂語(yǔ)分為簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。
2．簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：
由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成
i doubt it .
what happened?
she likes yellow.
the plane took off at ten o’clock.
3．復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：a 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原型
can you explain解釋 this sentence?句子
no one dare speak of 說(shuō)到談及it。
i don’t know.
he will help me solve 解決the problem.問(wèn)題
he was found 發(fā)現(xiàn)lying 躺on the floor.地板
b是系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)
my book is on the desk
it sounds a good idea.好注意
roses smell sweet.香甜
練習(xí)：
1．找出句子中的主語(yǔ)：
(1) rowing 劃船is my favourite最喜歡的 sport.運(yùn)動(dòng)
(2) something must be done
(3) to cross穿過(guò) from one end to the other這邊到另一邊 was difficult困難的 because of因?yàn)?/span> the water.
2．找出謂語(yǔ)
(1) he could heart聽(tīng)到 two person 人talking 談話in the room.在房間里面
(2) two young 年輕的girls came by.過(guò)來(lái)
(3) my lady我夫人 keeps a list of the names一份名單 in a little red book.
(4) he turned變成 pin and pale蒼白的 during期間 this speech.演講
提示：謂語(yǔ)如何辨別：
1．出現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)后面
2．有人稱上數(shù)的變化，
3．有時(shí)態(tài)的變化
4．在一些助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。
（二）主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致
一、語(yǔ)法一致：要求主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致
1）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也是單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也必須是復(fù)數(shù)。
the child is playing outside.外面
the chidren are playing outside.
2) 如果主語(yǔ)是抽象的概念，謂語(yǔ)一般都用單數(shù)。
smoke is harmful 有害的to your body.身體
five plus four equals等于 nine.
二、意念要一致：
1）the family were watching tv last night.
the family has been here for many years.
my family was very poor.
my family are quiet well,now.
2）一些集體名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同：police military（軍隊(duì)、自衛(wèi)隊(duì)）personnel（全體人員，全體職工），cattle(家畜)
等做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式
the police are going to question詢問(wèn) him.
our personnel are very highly trained.
3) 由and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，指一樣?xùn)|西用單數(shù)，指兩樣?xùn)|西用復(fù)數(shù)。
iron and steel industry 工業(yè)plays an important role起著重要的作用 in our national economy.國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)
the red and the white rose are both beautiful.
4）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，后面接with和 ,together with和 ,as well as以及 ,except除了，including 包含 in addition to 除---以外等詞，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)（只是附加成分起到修飾）
john, together with his wife ,was at the party.
no one 沒(méi)有人 except 除了them speaks說(shuō) some chinese.漢語(yǔ)
5）由 each, some, any ,no ,every構(gòu)成的代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)。
everybody was glad 高興to see her back.返回
somebody wants to see me.
there is really真正地，實(shí)在 nothing to be said.要說(shuō)
6）由 both ,some ,many ,few, all 后的謂語(yǔ)都用復(fù)數(shù)
both of them are chinese.中國(guó)人。
all the students are girls.
7) 不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)，從句做主語(yǔ)是，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。
no news消息 is good news.
in the evening is best for me.
whether 是否we should have a test測(cè)試 has been decided.（決定)
8）在，or 或者 ,either---or----兩者選一的---,neither----nor----既不也不，,not only---but also----不僅，而且，等連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近一致的原則。
he or i am in the wrong.
not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying喜歡the film.電影
neither he nor they are mistaken.錯(cuò)誤。